Why do cats or dogs get heat stroke?

With summer finally showing signs of fast approaching we need to remind ourselves of the potential risk of heat stroke. Unlike us, our pets are unable to cool down by removing layers or sweating, so they are less able to regulate their own body temperature.

Without the ability to self regulate body temperature, some dogs will continue to run and play, despite being hot and tired, which therefore increases their risk. Exercise is in fact the main trigger for this condition. A recent study found that nearly 75% of cases of heat-related illness in UK dogs, were because of exertion. And 67.5% of these cases were only walking.

Heat stroke is a life threatening condition, in which the body temperature increases to a level that can cause organ failure, seizures or even death.

Who is more susceptible?

All pets are potentially at risk of developing heat stroke, however the following are more susceptible;

• Overweight animals
• Brachycephalic breed Eg. French Bulldogs, Pugs, Bulldogs or Persian cats
• Pets with thick coats
• Older or very young pets
• Pets with underlying health concerns, especially respiratory or cardiac disease.

What are the signs of heat stroke?

It doesn’t have to be hot for heat stroke to develop. Excessive exercise in warm weather or being left in a warm, poorly ventilated environment (Eg. Cars or conservatories) can cause animals to quickly over heat.

It is therefore essential to be aware of the early signs of heat stroke;

• Heavy panting
• Drooling
• Restlessness, agitation, pacing or seeking shade
• Red gums or tongue
• Increased heart rate
• Vomiting or diarrhoea

More advanced signs include;

• Lethargy
• Confusion or poor co-ordination
• Weakness or collapse
• Seizures

Cooling first aid tips for owners

If you suspect your pet has over heated, it is essential to act immediately!

COOL FIRST - TRANSPORT SECOND

• Take your pet somewhere cool, shaded and ideally well ventilated
• Offer small sips of water
• In young healthy dogs - cold water immersion is effective (Eg. in a paddling pool) keeping the head above water.
• In older dogs / underlying health concerns - evaporation cooling method is best. Pouring water over your pet, whilst providing air movement from a fan, breeze or air conditioning.
• If you cannot use the above methods - simply cool them down by pouring / hosing cool water onto them.
• Do NOT use ice cold water.
• Do NOT wrap them in cold towels - this will trap the heat.

Once you have started these steps, call your vets.

You vet will need to examine your pet and if concerned may suggest admitting them for tests, supportive treatment and observation to reduce the risk of serious consequences.

Tips for preventing heat stroke

Avoidance is always best, so these measures can be done to help keep your pet cool and comfortable this summer;

• Always provide access to shade, both indoor and outdoors
• Avoid exercising on warm days.
• Reserve walks for early morning and late evening.
• Pack water bottles on a walk
• Tarmac Test: Place the back of your hand on the tarmac for 5 seconds. If it is too hot for you, it is too hot for their paws.
• Never leave a pet in a car or hot room (eg. Conservatories)
• Use pet-safe sun creams for noses, tips of ears or sun-worshipping bellies!

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